ARPA-E hosted a workshop on Transformational Energy Storage Solutions for the Electrification of Planes, Trains & Ships (ESS-1K) on May 10-11, 2023, at The Westin Alexandria Old Town in Alexandria, VA.

ARPA-E sought input from stakeholders in the heavy-duty transportation sector (planes, trains, and ships) on the following topics:

• Within each sector, where could electrification be most beneficial and commercially viable?
• Are there commonalities across sectors or should each be considered separately?
• What critical metrics should be considered to make electrification commercially attractive (e.g., energy density, longevity, resilience, safety, power capability)?
• How does your industry think about different energy storage solutions (e.g., hydrogen, ammonia, batteries, hybrids)?
• What energy storage system ideas exist that could be transformational in these industries?
• How could the development process of different solutions coordinate with the development & demonstration of new drive trains/propulsion systems? 

The workshop convened representatives from transportation industries including railroad operators and locomotive manufacturers, airframe manufacturers, shipping companies, and energy storage systems along with venture capital investors, university and national laboratories researchers, government agencies, and other stakeholders. Participants offered input into potential R&D funding programs and network with others across industries.

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