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New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology
New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology is developing subsurface engineering approaches for geologic hydrogen reservoir management, including ways to mitigate the risk of induced seismicity and hydrogen leakage. In addition to conducting laboratory experiments to explore hydrogen generation rates and transport using steam, the team will test methods to minimize rock volume expansion and to identify ecological indicators of hydrogen leakage.
University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin)
The University of Texas at Austin is investigating effective and economical catalyst-enhanced reaction mechanisms to spur geologic hydrogen production. The team will analyze reaction catalysts that exist naturally in iron-rich rock, including nickel and platinum group elements, that could increase serpentinization reaction rates and lower the required reaction temperatures.
Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station
Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station is developing a method using modeling and experimentation to determine the behavior of a large-scale geologic hydrogen reservoir based on laboratory-scale data. The proposed approach would combine established reservoir characterization, exploitation, and management methodologies. Using laboratory investigations of a range of temperatures, pressures, and chemicals associated with field site rock cores, the team will develop models that can predict how to maximize extracted geologic hydrogen and minimize losses.
Texas Tech University
Texas Tech University is characterizing rock samples from mining sites with diverse lithologies to develop the chemical, biological, and physical means to stimulate geologic hydrogen across different types of iron-containing rocks. Testing will include studying the effects of metal ion catalysts and the effectiveness of biological stimulation methods on increasing the reaction rates of hydrogen production. The team will optimize the chemical, biological, and physical stimulation of hydrogen-generating rocks to maximize geologic hydrogen stimulation.
39 Alpha Research
39 Alpha Research is developing a water-rock-gas modeling product for users to determine the hydrogen potential of drill sites and recommended stimulation techniques. The models will aggregate results of water-rock-gas systems to aid in predicting geologic hydrogen potential from naturally occurring and laboratory water-rock-gas systems across a diverse range of compositions and reaction conditions. The technology would help tie together laboratory-scale models with future studies on rock formations.
University of Southern California (USC)
The University of Southern California is developing geologic hydrogen production and extraction techniques by utilizing industrial oil and gas methods. The proposed technology would be a modified version of the Huff-n-Puff process, which is practiced for shale gas recovery. Multiple process scenarios would be used to optimize the generation, accumulation, and extraction of geologic hydrogen. Laboratory studies on rock cores would be explored over multiple length scales and modeling would be used to determine how large-scale reservoirs will interact with this production method.
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is developing chemical stimulants to increase the rate of hydrogen production by accelerating the breakdown of minerals. LLNL is targeting short-chain organic acids that can both break down minerals while also recovering other critical minerals. The team is also evaluating whether other transition metals could catalyze geologic hydrogen production.
Eden GeoPower
Eden GeoPower is developing a way to apply their electrical reservoir stimulation techniques to increase geologic hydrogen production through testing their stimulation methods on peridotite core samples from multiple sites to be selected in the Samail Ophiolite in Oman. The company’s electrical stimulation method could produce significant surface area enhancement while also increasing the local temperature to promote reaction conditions suitable for hydrogen production.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is developing methods to understand the chemical mechanisms responsible for stimulating geologic hydrogen at low temperatures. Serpentinization rates are faster at higher temperatures, but the natural environment in future hypothetical geologic hydrogen production sites would have lower temperatures, meaning that reaction rates would not be as economical. The team is leveraging computation and experimental chemistry to determine how catalysts or other chemical approaches affect the formation of geologic hydrogen in low temperature environments.
Pennsylvania State University (Penn State)
Pennsylvania State University is developing a method to extract hydrogen using carbon dioxide to deliver reactants to the subsurface and recover hydrogen. The approach would create a hydrogen reservoir by using carbon dioxide mineralization and would improve long-term hydrogen yield. The team will focus on controlling the hydrogen production from a geologic reservoir through carbon dioxide fracturing and mineralization to create or form new surfaces.
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)
Argonne National Laboratory’s Systems Assessment Center received funding to develop a methodology for Life Cycle Analysis for geologic hydrogen via the Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies (GREET) model. The GREET model is widely used for assessing the energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, criteria air pollutant emissions, and water consumption of various energy, material, and vehicle technologies.
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is developing a method to increase the production rate of stimulated hydrogen through promoting hierarchical cracks in reactant rock formations. The technical approach includes laboratory experiments and numerical modeling to combine and couple geochemistry, geomechanics, fracture mechanics, and porous media flow. The proposed work would enhance the injection design and fluid chemistry to ensure that hydrogen production rates do not decrease quickly over time, as prior laboratory experiments and numerical modeling have suggested.
Koloma Labs
Koloma Labs is developing geochemical and microbial models to understand the processes that form hydrogen in novel rock systems. A combination of geochemical, geo-mechanical, and fluid transport models paired with an investigation of naturally occurring microbiology in hydrogen reservoirs seeks to reveal the feasibility of the widespread stimulation of geologic hydrogen in different rock systems.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is developing a laboratory reactor that will test many parameters and variables for geologic hydrogen production, such as temperature, pressure, and fluid composition. MIT’s customized reactor would utilize artificial intelligence, allowing for rapid screening of different parameters that can affect stimulated hydrogen.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)
Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory is developing a cyclic injection strategy to create fractures, stimulate geologic hydrogen production, and ultimately transport the produced hydrogen back to the surface. The approach involves multiscale numerical modeling, laboratory tests, and field characterization to develop and test the proposed technology using rock samples from Montana and other sites. Through high pressure, high temperature testing, the system will be optimized for hydrogen flow and maximum extraction.