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Eden GeoPower
Eden GeoPower is developing a subsurface battery technology that takes advantage of the reversible chemical reactions of iron in ubiquitous iron-rich geologic formations. The subsurface battery would operate as a long-duration energy storage solution by utilizing excess grid energy to reduce spent iron into usable iron for multiple cycles of hydrogen production.
New England Research
New England Research is developing a method for environmentally safe self-propagating fractures to stimulate geologic hydrogen. The team will monitor the creation of fracture networks and how fractures can propagate within a rock under a variety of physical or mechanical stimuli. Optimizing the self-propagating fractures can dramatically increase reaction rates in iron-rich host rocks to produce economic amounts of hydrogen.
Aurora Flight Sciences
Aurora Flight Sciences is developing an aluminum air energy storage and power generation system to provide a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution for powering heavy-duty transportation. The technology’s novelty lies in its ability to facilitate aluminum combustion, resulting in the production of hydrogen that powers a solid-oxide fuel cell. The heat and electricity generated by this process are subsequently utilized for propulsion.
Propel Aero
Propel Aero is developing a “Redox Engine” with the potential to deliver a large reduction in greenhouse gas emissions for different modes of transportation. The Redox Engine would provide considerable power performance and deliver the energy density required to meet the demands of electric aircraft. The cost of electricity for the technology would be comparable to jet fuel. Given the low cost and high specific energy, the Redox Engine can address electrification of shipping and trains as well.
Washington University in St. Louis
Washington University in St. Louis (WashU) is developing a lithium-air (Li-Air) battery with ionic liquids to deliver efficient, reliable, and durable performance for high-energy and high-power applications. The proposed Li-Air flow battery would feature circulating ionic liquid saturated with oxygen to overcome critical challenges to Li-Air battery development, including achieving power rate capability and specific energy targets. The team will synthesize ionic liquids with high oxygen solubility, low viscosity, ultra-low volatility, and high ionic conductivity.
University of Illinois, Chicago (UIC)
The University of Illinois, Chicago is developing a lithium-air (Li-Air) battery technology using a ceramic-based solid-state electrolyte to enable fully renewable, safe, and affordable airborne delivery of goods, services, and people. A technological bottleneck of Li-Air systems for aviation is operating at high enough current densities per area. To overcome this challenge, the proposed approach leverages interfacial engineering of the ceramic solid-state electrolyte and a cathode electrode with a multiscale hierarchical porous design.
University of Maryland (UMD)
The University of Maryland is developing rechargeable lithium carbon monofluoride cathode chemistry to meet the PROPEL1K Category B technical targets. This new chemistry builds on previous work at UMD on halogen conversion-intercalation chemistry but targets significantly higher energy through active material, electrolyte, and other cell chemistry modifications. The cell is assembled in the discharged state, significantly lowering cost relative to high-energy Li-metal cells that are built in the charged state (and hence require the use of Li-metal foils).
Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT)
Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) is developing a solid-state lithium-air battery that would overcome previous challenges with lithium-air technologies through several key innovations. IIT’s approach features a composite polymer solid-state electrolyte with no liquid component, a cathode module with a highly active catalyst and oxygen uptake ability, advanced air flow, and a new cell architecture.
Johns Hopkins University
Johns Hopkins University is developing a high-energy-density hydrogen carrier using methylcyclohexane to create a fuel cell (FC) system that holds higher mass-specific energy densities than conventional systems. The proposed hydrogen FC uses closed loop cyclic hydrogen carriers. The FC system can also be rapidly (~10 min) replenished via pumping.
Solid Energies
Solid Energies will develop a new generation of safe, high power, energy dense, and long-lasting solid-state Lithium-air batteries (SSLaBs). Based on a new class of polymer composite electrolytes that are compatible with today’s Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery production lines, these SSLaBs could provide superior safety, extremely high energy and power densities (1000 WHr/kg and 1500 W/kg respectively, four times of existing Li-ion batteries), and last over 1000 charge and discharge cycles.
Georgia Tech Research Corporation
Georgia Tech Research Corporation is developing an alkali hydroxide triple phase flow battery (3PFB) to enable reversible operation of ultrahigh energy density battery chemistries. The approach takes inspiration from fuel injectors in internal combustion engines and from conventional flow batteries. The proposed design leverages innovative pumping and handling of molten alkali metal and hydroxide species to maximize the volume of reactants over inactive components and thus increase energy density.
And Battery Aero
And Battery Aero and its collaborators are developing battery cells, stacks, and systems using fluorinated electrodes to usher in a new type of battery chemistry for aviation applications. The team will focus on enhancing energy density of the cell design through electrode materials optimization and electrolyte formulation. The proposed approach would also innovate battery pack design to reduce energy density penalty due to packaging.
Precision Combustion (PCI)
Precision Combustion is developing a unique hybrid fuel-cell battery system. The approach features an electrochemical wafer that uses liquid hydrogen as fuel to generate energy coupled with a high-power lithium-ion battery to enable peak-power operation. The progressive energy storage system hybridizes a highly efficient advanced electrochemical device and a small rechargeable battery and pairs them with a high-energy-density carbon-free fuel. The process intensified architecture has the potential to deliver significantly more power density than other systems in development.
Giner
Giner is packaging hydrogen in a paste to power fuel cells, eliminating the need for high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks. The power paste—a mix of magnesium and hydrogen stored in a cartridge—would trigger the release of hydrogen gas when water is added. The paste is not flammable or explosive. The team will also update the system’s fuel cell to operate at lower humidity, making the approach more versatile and lower volume, improving the overall energy density of the design.
Wright Electric
Wright Electric and Columbia University are developing an aluminum-air flow battery that has swappable aluminum anodes that allow for mechanical recharging. Aluminum air chemistry can achieve high energy density but historically has encountered issues with rechargeability and clogging from reaction products. To overcome these barriers, Wright Electric uses a 3D design instead of a 2D planar chemistry to improve the contact between anode and cathode.